![]() wow), stance adverbials are considered to act outside of the grammar of the clause, which is why they can occur in various clausal positions (e.g. Like other pragmatic markers, such as discourse markers (e.g. probably, fortunately) can be described as pragmatic markers, as they perform a pragmatic function by expressing the speaker’s attitude towards the message conveyed (Carter and McCarthy 2006). ![]() The expression of stance through adverbials in spoken interaction has been studied extensively in various domains of linguistic research, including conversation analysis, functional linguistics, corpus pragmatics and English as a foreign language ( EFL) pedagogy. The study also explores how stance adverbials can contribute to discourse management in combination with other linguistic elements, and discusses implications of these and other findings for EFL pedagogy. However, differently from the Swedish and the Italian groups, the L1 group employs the adverbials mainly in final position and makes use of a wider repertoire of them to make more meanings. The results reveal that the Italian learners use such markers significantly less frequently than the native speakers and the Swedish learners in both positions. Inspired by research on corpus pragmatics, conversation analysis, learner corpus research and EFL pedagogy, the quantitative and qualitative investigations focus on stance adverbials in turn-initial and final position. ![]() This paper adopts corpus-based methods to investigate how adverbial stance markers are used in the Swedish and in the Italian EFL LINDSEI sub-corpora and in the L1 English LOCNEC comparable corpus (Gilquin et al. ![]()
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